Autism Spectrum Disorder
Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a developmental condition that affects how a child communicates, interacts with others, and experiences the world around them. It is called a spectrum because every child is different — some may need a little support, while others may need a lot.
ASD is not an illness and not something caused by parenting. It is a lifelong neurodevelopmental difference that shapes how a child learns, plays, and responds to their environment. This is a permanent neurodevelopmental difference, not something a child “grows out of” or that disappears with age.
But it does not mean the child cannot learn, grow, or thrive. Children with ASD continue to develop new skills throughout their lives, especially with the right support
Key Areas Affected by ASD
1. Social Communication
Children with ASD may:
- find it hard to understand social cues
- prefer routines or predictable interactions
- communicate differently (verbally or non‑verbally)
2. Social Interaction
They may:
- enjoy being around others but struggle to join in
- prefer playing alone
- need extra support to build friendships
3. Behaviour, Interests, and Sensory Needs
Children may show:
- repetitive movements or behaviours
- strong interests in specific topics
- sensitivity to sounds, lights, textures, or changes in routine
Why It’s Called a “Spectrum”
Every child with ASD is unique. Some:
- speak fluently, others use few words or alternative communication
- learn quickly in certain areas but need support in others
- need minimal support, while others require daily assistance
The spectrum simply reflects this wide range of strengths and support needs.
How ASD Is Diagnosed
In NSW, a diagnosis must come from:
- a specialist medical practitioner, or
- a registered psychologist with relevant clinical experience
The diagnosis must show:
- deficits in social communication and social interaction across contexts
- restricted, repetitive patterns of behaviour, interests or activities
- symptoms limit and impair everyday functioning, including educational functioning
For students who have a diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder prior to Year 2, as well as evidence of significant impact on their learning and wellbeing, the disability should be confirmed until the end of Year 2.
From Year 2 on, the disability should be confirmed until the end of the year the student will be in Year 12 as long as relevant evidence such as review minutes and Learning and Support Team minutes indicate the student requires ongoing targeted support. No further external assessment for autism spectrum disorder is required.